The new formating that appears in the tivyverse is from by
that provides tools for that. It is then used directly by
to add formatting to data types in columns of tibble.
So it is the tibble
which bring color to tibble format, thanks to pillar 
I think what is closer of something explaining the format choices is the blog post of tibble 1.4.2 release that explains the addition of options to change the formatting that was introduce in tibble 1.4.1. The options are from pillar 1.1.0
You'll also find some info in the vignette talking about how to extend to new data type
http://tibble.tidyverse.org/articles/extending.html
Things move pretty fast and I think you'll find some discussions (present and past) in the issues of tibble repository.
Hope you'll find the information you seek with all that.