I can't work with your exact same code since you haven't provided a proper REPRoducible EXample (reprex) illustrating your issue, but I have made this example with the file link you have shared.
library(tidyverse)
library(lubridate)
url <- "https://drive.google.com/u/0/uc?id=16k1cMMr1dthJOsppazVZ3cUCa1rRGF9m&export=download"
nf <- read.csv(url)
nf %>%
mutate_at(vars(starts_with("date")), as.Date) %>%
select(date_mpi, mpi_tas, hadgem_tas, gfdl_tas) %>%
gather(group, temperature, -date_mpi) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = date_mpi, y = temperature, colour = group)) +
geom_line() +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", se=FALSE) +
labs(title = "Annual temperature trends",
x = "Near-future projection",
y = "Temperature [°C]") +
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(24,31)) +
scale_color_discrete(labels = c("mpi_tas"='WRF-MPI-ESM MR',
"hadgem_tas"='WRF-HadGEM2-ES',
"gfdl_tas" ='WRF-GFDL-ESM2M')) +
theme(legend.position = c(.1,.85))
#> `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'