If you can live with sum.a and sum.b rather than sum_a and sum_b, that would do the job, but I would rather use cbind:
## your data
outer_df <- data.frame(x = 1:3, y = letters[1:3])
inner_df <- data.frame(a = c("abc", "bca", "cab"), b = c("little", "some", "more") )
## new names for the variables, if you want to change them:
names(inner_df) <- paste('sum_',names(inner_df), sep = '')
## joint df
new_df <- cbind(outer_df, inner_df)
## x y sum_a sum_b
## 1 a abc little
## 2 b bca some
## 3 c cab more