The relevant part of your error message is below:
Configuration failed because tesseract was not found. Try installing:
deb: libtesseract-dev libleptonica-dev (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
rpm: tesseract-devel leptonica-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)
csw: libtesseract_dev (Solaris)
brew: tesseract (Mac OSX)
Depending on what your system is, you'll need to install one of these libraries outside of R on which tesseract (the R package) depends.