Hi, welcome:
Your question is a bit general, but that may be of help for what you are looking for:
## some data
Data <- data.frame(value = runif(1000))
## your quantiles of interest
qu <- quantile(Data$value, c(.05, .1,.25,.5,.75,.9,.95,1))
## your values
table(names(qu[findInterval(Data$value, qu)]))
10% 100% 25% 5% 50% 75% 90% 95%
150 1 250 50 250 150 50 49
But please, note that in the table they are not properly ordered, and i don't know if this is an issue for you or not.
cheers
Fer