If you are looking for a table with all the permutations possible for yes and no repeated 4 times as you want 4 columns at the end, I believe there are no missing data
s <- c('penalty','no penalty','money fine', 'Community_service')
n <- c('Y','N')
gtools::permutations(n=2,r=4,v=n,repeats.allowed=TRUE)
#> [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
#> [1,] "N" "N" "N" "N"
#> [2,] "N" "N" "N" "Y"
#> [3,] "N" "N" "Y" "N"
#> [4,] "N" "N" "Y" "Y"
#> [5,] "N" "Y" "N" "N"
#> [6,] "N" "Y" "N" "Y"
#> [7,] "N" "Y" "Y" "N"
#> [8,] "N" "Y" "Y" "Y"
#> [9,] "Y" "N" "N" "N"
#> [10,] "Y" "N" "N" "Y"
#> [11,] "Y" "N" "Y" "N"
#> [12,] "Y" "N" "Y" "Y"
#> [13,] "Y" "Y" "N" "N"
#> [14,] "Y" "Y" "N" "Y"
#> [15,] "Y" "Y" "Y" "N"
#> [16,] "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y"
setNames(expand.grid(n, n, n, n), s)
#> penalty no penalty money fine Community_service
#> 1 Y Y Y Y
#> 2 N Y Y Y
#> 3 Y N Y Y
#> 4 N N Y Y
#> 5 Y Y N Y
#> 6 N Y N Y
#> 7 Y N N Y
#> 8 N N N Y
#> 9 Y Y Y N
#> 10 N Y Y N
#> 11 Y N Y N
#> 12 N N Y N
#> 13 Y Y N N
#> 14 N Y N N
#> 15 Y N N N
#> 16 N N N N
Created on 2018-11-20 by the reprex package (v0.2.1)
permutations(n=4,r=4,v=s,repeats.allowed=F) is not the same as the source vector is 4 in length and the target is four also. c("Y", "F") is 2 in length - so length combination possible.