@andresrcs beat me to the punch haha. I'll share my findings in hopes of covering your options. I will cover bar plots 
library(tidyverse)
DataSetsCorto <- data.frame(stringsAsFactors=FALSE,
Latitud = c(-31.815, -30.254, -37.546, -23.908, -38.8, -37.478, -21.518,
-33.655, -33.677, -21.617, -34.51, -45.572, -31.732,
-24.145, -35.624, -38.634),
Longitud = c(-69.789, -71.248, -71.228, -67.261, -72.872, -74.437,
-68.977, -72.045, -72.021, -68.48, -72.357, -76.723,
-71.749, -67.581, -72.934, -75.285),
Profundidad = c(165.5, 56.4, 159.3, 254.2, 28.9, 23.3, 103.1, 25.7, 27.1,
137.5, 19.4, 10, 22.6, 233.2, 15, 30.8),
Magnitud = c(3.6, 2.8, 3.7, 3.5, 2.5, 3.3, 3, 3.3, 3.2, 3.2, 2.5, 3.5,
2.8, 4.2, 2.9, 2.9),
Epicentro = c("Mina Los Pelambres", "Andacollo", "Antuco", "Socaire",
"Temuco", "Lebu", "Quillagua", "Navidad", "Navidad",
"Ollagüe", "Pichilemu", "Melinka", "Los Vilos", "Socaire",
"Constitución", "Tirúa"),
Distancia = c(75, 16, 46, 73, 25, 70, 60, 39, 35, 50, 35, 30, 30, 69, 57,
15)
) %>% mutate(id = dplyr::row_number()) # ill explain this below
x = DataSetsCorto$Epicentro
y = DataSetsCorto$Magnitud
barplot(y, names.arg = x)

To cover the base R plot, I found it easiest to use the barplot command. However, we lose a lot of information we more than likely want. ggplot2 is a great highly customization plotting package that is in the tidyverse. Sticking with bar plots we can make a simple bar plot as so:
ggplot(DataSetsCorto, aes(x = Epicentro, y = Magnitud)) +
geom_col()

Due to ggplot's behavior with non-independent data ggplot has added two cities together. That is why I added a new column on the original data that numbered every row. We can use this new column as a grouping variable so ggplot knows to treat each row independently in terms of the x-axis. Now we can add some colors and aesthetics to spruce things up. I also added in a coord_flip to make the names easier to read (You can also tilt the x-axis labels as shown in the reply above). Now we can see a single bar per row while it is contained under the Epicentro variable.
ggplot(DataSetsCorto, mapping = aes(x = reorder(Epicentro, -Magnitud), y = Magnitud, group = id)) +
geom_col(position = "dodge", alpha = 0.8, color = "white") +
coord_flip()

Created on 2019-06-20 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)