This can be disregarded. I had not searched the documentation fully and the answer was in pam.
I simply copied the pam configurations for the Linux server to an rstudio file, restarted the rstudio-server.service and AD authentication worked through the rstudio web interface login. Simple shiny apps also worked without issue in this environment.
# cp -rp /etc/pam.d/password-auth /etc/pam.d/rstudio
# systemctl restart rstudio-server.service