R uses the system locale but you can override it in your R session with Sys.setlocale(), see this example:
plot(x)
#> Error in plot(x): objeto 'x' no encontrado
Sys.setlocale("LC_MESSAGES","en_US.UTF-8")
#> [1] "en_US.UTF-8"
plot(x)
#> Error in plot(x): object 'x' not found
Created on 2021-03-09 by the reprex package (v1.0.0.9002)