These are the instruction https://quarto.org/about.html#contribute
You need to clone, and then configure the new version (using ./configure-windows.bat in your case)
Then you need to add in your PATH so that it gets picked up by RStudio.
However, you may be interesting in only using the last bundled release, not the last development version from main branch. Release are built several times per day currently.
You can get a windows version there, and use that one to get latest feature.