With R how do I with a significance level of 1%, test whether there is evidence for a difference in proportion of a dataset

General
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I honestly don't know where to begin.

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Here's a short chapter, Statistical Tests, from r-statistics.co by Selva Prabhakaran:

This chapter explains the purpose of some of the most commonly used statistical tests and how to implement them in R

There are also Labs in several programming languages (including R, of course) in the OpenIntro Statistics book (free, online) that could help with both the problem you're confronting right now, and with "know[ing] where to begin" the next time! :+1::
https://www.openintro.org/stat/labs.php?stat_lab_software=R

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These answers on Cross Validated might be useful for running significance tests on proportions in R.

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